Irrigation is the supply of cultivated land with water in order to promote the growth of plants and to replace missing rain. Surface irrigation systems, also known as furrow or stripe use gravity. Water is supplied through canals and ditches of different sizes. Watering itself then takes place by runoff, flooding or infiltration.
Some systems use low flow at low pressure and operate as often as necessary to achieve high moisture content in soil (high frequency irrigation). Applicability of other chemicals using irrigation equipment is also possible; users may fill them with correctors, soil disinfectants, herbicides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, among others.
On the other hand, ancient ways of watering channels is falling into disuse in the developed world; governments are encouraging people to switch to other methods. Young orange trees may necessitate the combination of traditional irrigation with drip system, in order to optimize the benefits in terms of plant growth.
Drip irrigation releases drops or a thin stream through the holes of a plastic pipe that is placed on or below the surface. The primary method of delivery of water to the field (for about 95% of projects worldwide) is flood irrigation or furrow. Other systems use sprinklers and drip irrigation. Although they are relatively new techniques, which require a larger initial investment and more intensive management, sprinklers and drip represent an important improvement in water efficiency, and reduce the problems associated with canals.
He then created a textile and the porous tube where water was applied to soil through the pores of textile tube wall, forming a continuous and uniform moisture across the line length of porous tubes. These mechanisms have the following characteristics: water savings between 50-60%, less sealing problems due to dissolved salts and suspended solid particles present in all the irrigation water. This is in addition to tensile, long lasting, portability and easy to install characteristics.
Plant watering projects on a large scale using groundwater are a recent phenomenon. They are found mainly in large alluvial basins of Pakistan, India and China, where tube wells are used to exploit the phreatic water, along with irrigation mechanisms that use surface water.
Arguably, drip irrigation as is known today, began in England after World War II, in greenhouses, nurseries and gardening, its microtubes were used as emitters. However, it is in the sixties, in Israel, when its expansion started after perfecting techniques extrusion and injection molding of plastics. Thus, Israel was one of pioneers of research and development of this type of equipment for the arid, semi-arid and desert areas.
It can also be obtained from ponds or reservoirs that accumulate discontinuous streams from the rain (especially wadi) and water transfers from other basins. In more traditional systems water flows rises to the fields by a ferris wheel with hanging containers, pouring water into a higher ditch. Alternatively, the mechanism can employ wells and the wheel is moved by animal traction (donkey, mule, camel). Water lifting mechanisms or pumping systems consist the earth drill with a small diameter probes, 60, 70 and up to 80 cm. The traditional hand dug wells have larger diameters from 1.20 m up to 5 or 6 m, or, in exceptional cases, even higher. The pump can use wind energy or solar energy.
Some systems use low flow at low pressure and operate as often as necessary to achieve high moisture content in soil (high frequency irrigation). Applicability of other chemicals using irrigation equipment is also possible; users may fill them with correctors, soil disinfectants, herbicides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, among others.
On the other hand, ancient ways of watering channels is falling into disuse in the developed world; governments are encouraging people to switch to other methods. Young orange trees may necessitate the combination of traditional irrigation with drip system, in order to optimize the benefits in terms of plant growth.
Drip irrigation releases drops or a thin stream through the holes of a plastic pipe that is placed on or below the surface. The primary method of delivery of water to the field (for about 95% of projects worldwide) is flood irrigation or furrow. Other systems use sprinklers and drip irrigation. Although they are relatively new techniques, which require a larger initial investment and more intensive management, sprinklers and drip represent an important improvement in water efficiency, and reduce the problems associated with canals.
He then created a textile and the porous tube where water was applied to soil through the pores of textile tube wall, forming a continuous and uniform moisture across the line length of porous tubes. These mechanisms have the following characteristics: water savings between 50-60%, less sealing problems due to dissolved salts and suspended solid particles present in all the irrigation water. This is in addition to tensile, long lasting, portability and easy to install characteristics.
Plant watering projects on a large scale using groundwater are a recent phenomenon. They are found mainly in large alluvial basins of Pakistan, India and China, where tube wells are used to exploit the phreatic water, along with irrigation mechanisms that use surface water.
Arguably, drip irrigation as is known today, began in England after World War II, in greenhouses, nurseries and gardening, its microtubes were used as emitters. However, it is in the sixties, in Israel, when its expansion started after perfecting techniques extrusion and injection molding of plastics. Thus, Israel was one of pioneers of research and development of this type of equipment for the arid, semi-arid and desert areas.
It can also be obtained from ponds or reservoirs that accumulate discontinuous streams from the rain (especially wadi) and water transfers from other basins. In more traditional systems water flows rises to the fields by a ferris wheel with hanging containers, pouring water into a higher ditch. Alternatively, the mechanism can employ wells and the wheel is moved by animal traction (donkey, mule, camel). Water lifting mechanisms or pumping systems consist the earth drill with a small diameter probes, 60, 70 and up to 80 cm. The traditional hand dug wells have larger diameters from 1.20 m up to 5 or 6 m, or, in exceptional cases, even higher. The pump can use wind energy or solar energy.
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